dos. Product and methods

Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>

Particularly, the fresh new WBQ will bring: (A) investigation for the reputation of the new member; (B) tape regarding usage to the time of the earlier in the day month out of strong and you may liquid dinner, h2o otherwise beverages from a partial-quantitative dinner regularity survey (FFQ) away from 58 delicacies confirmed to own quoting times consumption therefore the extra sugar and you may honey that’s added to beverages; and you may (C) estimate out of physical exercise and their the latest Around the world Exercise Survey (IPAQ) , and that information duration of physical activity at the about three passion account (intense, moderate, lighter exercise) or sedentary requirements. The newest IPAQ could have been validated previously while the a mix-federal device getting tape physical working out [20,21,22] and to estimate times costs.

The energy and you will liquids stuff away from registered dinners and you can products try assessed by using the Diet Research Also (Wadsworth Posting Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and this uses structure analysis about USDA National Mineral Database and you may chosen Greek ingredients (i.e., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek yogurt, lentiles beans soup, numerous Greek pies, souvlaki, overflowing tomatoes) . Based on complete energy intake and energy expenditure, time balance was analyzed as well.

Within this investigation, “drinks” refers to fresh fruit juices otherwise packed juices 100% in the place of glucose content, sugar-sugary beverages (SSDs) (fruits nectar with glucose, carbonated drinks with glucose and effort/isotonic beverages), low calorie soft drinks, teas and organic infusions, whole milk (all sorts of milk products, chocolate whole milk and you can cocoa take in), milkshake and you may sherbets, coffee and coffee beverages, and you may alcohol (beer, drink and all of type of alcoholic drinks). “Drink energy consumption (DEI)” makes reference to energy consumption off drinks “total opportunity intake (TEI)” to help you time intake from https://kissbrides.com/cuban-brides/ the provide and you will “energy consumption away from products” to help you time intake of solid and you will water delicacies (age.grams., soups). The newest contribution of beverages groups to help you complete times consumption (investigation out of Malisova mais aussi al. 2013), demonstrated as total water intake (TWI), i.elizabeth., water from products, drinking water, good and you will water edibles so when drink drinking habits (DWI), i.elizabeth., liquid of drinks and you will liquids.

3. Analytical Investigation

Email address details are exhibited given that indicate ± sd to the generally speaking distributed variables and you may median (P25–P75) for the skewed of those. Normality is checked utilizing the probability–probability plot (P–P area) and you will histograms. Differences between men regarding your total opportunity consumption, opportunity out-of beverages, opportunity out of foods, energy cost, opportunity balance, water intake, drinking water off liquid and drinks, water regarding beverages, drinking water of h2o, liquids off dinners, drinking water loss and you will water balance was in fact reviewed towards independent sample t-attempt for the usually distributed details and also the Mann-Whittney You-take to on skewed of these. Likewise, differences when considering the fresh four quartiles of your time regarding products was basically assessed for the that-method ANOVA F-decide to try into normally distributed parameters as well as the Kruskal-Wallis H Sample towards the skewed ones. Importance peak is place at the 5%. Correlations within sum off drinks in order to intake of water in the relatives to help you opportunity for the cold temperatures and you can summer was indeed looked at from the Pearson’s or Spearman’s relationship coefficients for usually marketed otherwise skewed variables. Every mathematical analyses did using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chi town, IL, USA).